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What goes into a substation capacity figure
How a substation capacity number gets built from feeders that update on different schedules.
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Reading negative capacity values
Why more than a quarter of PSE&G's circuits show negative available capacity.
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Electrification headroom vs EV headroom
Why the same ConEd feeder can carry different capacity numbers for EV load and building electrification.
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Megavolt-ampere to megawatt conversion
Why a hosting capacity value labeled in MVA isn't automatically 10% lower once converted to MW.
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Hosting capacity maps vs distribution load serving capacity maps
Why hosting capacity numbers for the same equipment are derived from opposite conditions.
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ConEd queue records
What ConEd’s shared queue numbers represent.
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Developer alternatives if capacity is unavailable
When capacity is unavailable, developers can turn to storage, behind-the-meter generation, or waiting.
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N-1 and N-2 contingencies
How utilities size equipment to survive losing a transformer, and how that loss is priced in.
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Transformer emergency ratings, LTE and STE loading
How long a transformer can run above its normal rating before the overload becomes a cost to the equipment's lifespan.
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Distribution interconnection queues
How distribution interconnection backlog differs from transmission-level.
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Disclosure rules vs data quality
A comparison of how California, New York, and New Jersey require utilities to disclose hosting capacity data.
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Utility capital plans for capacity upgrades
How rate cases move a capacity constraint from a utility's load forecast into a funded infrastructure project.
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Rate case docket numbers
How to find and read a rate case docket.
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Binding tariffs and voluntary hosting capacity maps
The difference in legal weight between a tariff, a rate case outcome, and a utility's voluntary hosting capacity map.
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NEMA, IEEE, UL, and ANSI
What these standards actually require and their legal weight.
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Vertically integrated investor owned utilities vs co-ops
How ownership structure determines how much a utility answers to its state regulator.
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Hosting capacity disclosure mandates
History of hosting-capacity disclosure requirements in California, Illinois, and Minnesota.
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How equipment ratings are used to determine capacity
Thermal limits and contingency margin that determine capacity ceilings.
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Single-phase, two-phase, and three-phase feeders
How feeder-level capacity numbers can hide phase imbalance.
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Pole top, pad mounted transformers
The layers of equipment between a substation and the transformer that serves a building.
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Margin of error and confidence intervals
How many snapshots of a transformer's capacity are enough to tell a step change from a trend.
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Immutable historical records, slowly changing dimension
Why overwriting a corrected data point erases information that used to be true.
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Incident response and status page design
How AWS and the EIA each handle telling customers whether a fix is retroactive.